Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie 6/2012

01.12.2012 | Original article

Osteoimmunological mechanisms involved in orthodontically and bacterially induced periodontal stress

verfasst von: Dr. A. Konermann, W. Götz, D. Wohlleber, P. Knolle, J. Deschner, A. Jäger

Erschienen in: Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie | Ausgabe 6/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background and objective

Orthodontic tooth movement is known to cause sterile inflammation of the periodontal ligament (PDL). It may also be accompanied by pathological effects of external apical root resorption, with interindividual differences in the incidence and extent of resorption. An involvement of autoimmunological mechanisms is currently under discussion. This study aimed to improve our understanding of similarities between the inflammatory mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of periodontitis and root resorption.

Materials and methods

Human PDL cells were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-17A/IFN-γ, or left non-stimulated. Their potential for phagocytosis was then evaluated by incubation with dextran or E. coli or S. aureus particles, followed by flow cytometric and immunohistochemical analysis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in PDL cells. Verification was obtained in vivo by studying IL-17A, RANKL, and OPG expression in biopsies of inflamed periodontal tissues and in biopsies of rat maxillae with mechanically induced root resorption. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon’s rank sum test to analyze gene expression data and one-way ANOVA in conjunction with Tukey’s post hoc test to analyze flow cytometric data.

Results

PDL cells phagocytosed foreign particles under both inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, IL-17A significantly downregulated RANKL expression while significantly upregulating OPG expression in PDL cells. These immunomodulatory cytokines were also demonstrable in both inflammatorily altered periodontal tissues and root resorption lacunae, while the incidence of IL-7A was strikingly variable in resorption areas.

Conclusion

PDL cells were demonstrated to effect phagocytosis and to express immunomodulatory molecules, which proves their capability of participating in periodontal osteoimmunological processes. The development of root resorption and periodontitis appears to be governed by similar pathophysiological mechanisms.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Alhashimi N, Frithiof L, Brudvik P et al (2004) CD40-CD40L expression during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Angle Orthod 74:100–105PubMed Alhashimi N, Frithiof L, Brudvik P et al (2004) CD40-CD40L expression during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Angle Orthod 74:100–105PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Alhashimi N, Frithiof L, Brudvik P et al (2001) Orthodontic tooth movement and de novo synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 119:307–312PubMedCrossRef Alhashimi N, Frithiof L, Brudvik P et al (2001) Orthodontic tooth movement and de novo synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 119:307–312PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Brezniak N, Wasserstein A (2002) Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part I: The basic science aspects. Angle Orthod 72:175–179PubMed Brezniak N, Wasserstein A (2002) Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part I: The basic science aspects. Angle Orthod 72:175–179PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat El-Awady AR, Messer RL, Gamal AY et al (2010) Periodontal ligament fibroblasts sustain destructive immune modulators of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 81:1324–1335PubMedCrossRef El-Awady AR, Messer RL, Gamal AY et al (2010) Periodontal ligament fibroblasts sustain destructive immune modulators of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 81:1324–1335PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Fukushima H, Kajiya H, Takada K et al (2003) Expression and role of RANKL in periodontal ligament cells during physiological root-resorption in human deciduous teeth. Eur J Oral Sci 111:346–352PubMedCrossRef Fukushima H, Kajiya H, Takada K et al (2003) Expression and role of RANKL in periodontal ligament cells during physiological root-resorption in human deciduous teeth. Eur J Oral Sci 111:346–352PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaffen SL (2011) Recent advances in the IL-17 cytokine family. Curr Opin Immunol 23:613–619PubMedCrossRef Gaffen SL (2011) Recent advances in the IL-17 cytokine family. Curr Opin Immunol 23:613–619PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaffen SL (2009) Structure and signalling in the IL-17 receptor family. Nat Rev Immunol 9:556–567PubMedCrossRef Gaffen SL (2009) Structure and signalling in the IL-17 receptor family. Nat Rev Immunol 9:556–567PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayashi N, Yamaguchi M, Nakajima R et al (2011) T-helper 17 cells mediate the osteo/odontoclastogenesis induced by excessive orthodontic forces. Oral Dis 18: 375–388CrossRef Hayashi N, Yamaguchi M, Nakajima R et al (2011) T-helper 17 cells mediate the osteo/odontoclastogenesis induced by excessive orthodontic forces. Oral Dis 18: 375–388CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Honda T, Aoki Y, Takahashi N et al (2009) Elevated expression of IL-17 and IL-12 genes in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Clin Chim Acta 395:137–141CrossRef Honda T, Aoki Y, Takahashi N et al (2009) Elevated expression of IL-17 and IL-12 genes in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Clin Chim Acta 395:137–141CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Jäger A, Kunert D, Friesen T et al (2008) Cellular and extracellular factors in early root resorption repair in the rat. Eur J Orthod 30:336–345PubMedCrossRef Jäger A, Kunert D, Friesen T et al (2008) Cellular and extracellular factors in early root resorption repair in the rat. Eur J Orthod 30:336–345PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Konermann A, Beyer M, Deschner J et al (2012) Human periodontal ligament cells facilitate leukocyte recruitment and are influenced in their immunomodulatory function by Th17 cytokine release. Cell Immunol 272:137–143PubMedCrossRef Konermann A, Beyer M, Deschner J et al (2012) Human periodontal ligament cells facilitate leukocyte recruitment and are influenced in their immunomodulatory function by Th17 cytokine release. Cell Immunol 272:137–143PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Kook SH, Jang YS, Lee JC (2011) Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts stimulate osteoclastogenesis in response to compression force through TNF-α-mediated activation of CD4+ T cells. J Cell Biochem 112:2891–2901PubMedCrossRef Kook SH, Jang YS, Lee JC (2011) Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts stimulate osteoclastogenesis in response to compression force through TNF-α-mediated activation of CD4+ T cells. J Cell Biochem 112:2891–2901PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25:402–408PubMedCrossRef Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25:402–408PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Nokhbehsaim M, Deschner B, Winter J et al (2010) Contribution of orthodontic load to inflammation-mediated periodontal destruction. J Orofac Orthop 71:390–402PubMedCrossRef Nokhbehsaim M, Deschner B, Winter J et al (2010) Contribution of orthodontic load to inflammation-mediated periodontal destruction. J Orofac Orthop 71:390–402PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Oshiro T, Shiotani A, Shibasaki Y et al (2002) Osteoclast induction in periodontal tissue during experimental movement of incisors in osteoprotegerin-deficient mice. Anat Rec 266:218–225PubMedCrossRef Oshiro T, Shiotani A, Shibasaki Y et al (2002) Osteoclast induction in periodontal tissue during experimental movement of incisors in osteoprotegerin-deficient mice. Anat Rec 266:218–225PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Page RC (1991) The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 26:230–242PubMedCrossRef Page RC (1991) The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 26:230–242PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Sato K, Suematsu A, Okamoto K et al (2006) Th17 functions as an osteoclastogenic helper T cell subset that links T cell activation and bone destruction. J Exp Med 203:2673–2682PubMedCrossRef Sato K, Suematsu A, Okamoto K et al (2006) Th17 functions as an osteoclastogenic helper T cell subset that links T cell activation and bone destruction. J Exp Med 203:2673–2682PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Steinman L (2007) A brief history of T(H)17, the first major revision in the T(H)1/T(H)2 hypothesis of T cell mediated tissue damage. Nat Med 13:139–145PubMedCrossRef Steinman L (2007) A brief history of T(H)17, the first major revision in the T(H)1/T(H)2 hypothesis of T cell mediated tissue damage. Nat Med 13:139–145PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Tripuwabhrut P, Brudvik P, Fristad I et al (2010) Experimental orthodontic tooth movement and extensive root resorption: periodontal and pulpal changes. Eur J Oral Sci 118:596–603PubMedCrossRef Tripuwabhrut P, Brudvik P, Fristad I et al (2010) Experimental orthodontic tooth movement and extensive root resorption: periodontal and pulpal changes. Eur J Oral Sci 118:596–603PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Yago T, Nanke Y, Ichikawa N et al (2009) IL-17 induces osteoclastogenesis from human monocytes alone in the absence of osteoblasts, which is potently inhibited by anti-TNF-alpha antibody: a novel mechanism of osteoclastogenesis by IL-17. J Cell Biochem 108:947–955PubMedCrossRef Yago T, Nanke Y, Ichikawa N et al (2009) IL-17 induces osteoclastogenesis from human monocytes alone in the absence of osteoblasts, which is potently inhibited by anti-TNF-alpha antibody: a novel mechanism of osteoclastogenesis by IL-17. J Cell Biochem 108:947–955PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou JP, Feng G, Zhou WW et al (2011) Expression of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in root resorption induced by heavy force in rats. J Orofac Orthop 72:457–468PubMedCrossRef Zhou JP, Feng G, Zhou WW et al (2011) Expression of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in root resorption induced by heavy force in rats. J Orofac Orthop 72:457–468PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Osteoimmunological mechanisms involved in orthodontically and bacterially induced periodontal stress
verfasst von
Dr. A. Konermann
W. Götz
D. Wohlleber
P. Knolle
J. Deschner
A. Jäger
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie / Ausgabe 6/2012
Print ISSN: 1434-5293
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6714
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-012-0102-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2012

Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie 6/2012 Zur Ausgabe

Informationen

DGKFO-Seiten

Newsletter

Bestellen Sie unseren kostenlosen Newsletter Update Zahnmedizin und bleiben Sie gut informiert – ganz bequem per eMail.