Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL) in the Nasal and Paranasal Cavity: Four Cases Report

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a form of leukemia caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1). Otolaryngologists often diagnose ATL based on cervical lymphadenopathy or Waldeyer ring lesions. However, there are few reports of ATL occurring in the nasal and paranasal cavity. Here, we report four such cases of ATL. Case 1: An 82-year-old man diagnosed with acute-type ATL with a tumor in the nasal cavity underwent 5 courses of THP-COP, but died after 36 months due to ATL. Case 2: A 62-year-old woman diagnosed with lymphoma-type ATL with a tumor in the frontal sinus was treated with 5 courses of VCAP-AMP-VECP, and has survived for more than 10 years. Case 3: A 64-year-old man diagnosed with lymphoma-type ATL with a tumor in the maxillary sinus underwent 8 courses of VCAP-AMP-VECP and 2 courses of mogamulizumab, but died after 34 months due to ATL. Case 4: A 52-year-old woman diagnosed with lymphoma-type ATL with tumors in both ethmoid sinuses received 2 courses of CHOP, 2 courses of DeVIC, radiotherapy (32 Gy) and 2 courses of mogamulizumab, but died after 9 months due to ATL.