Background
Methods
Study population
Questionnaire survey
CircRNA microarray analysis
RNA extraction
cDNA synthesis and qRT-PCR
Statistical analyses
Results
Baseline demographic characteristics
Characteristics | CHD, n(%) | Non-CHD, n(%) | χ2 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.000 | 1.000 | ||
Male | 318 (54.4) | 318 (54.4) | ||
Female | 267 (45.6) | 267 (45.6) | ||
Age | 0.777 | 0.378 | ||
< 65 | 271 (46.3) | 256 (43.8) | ||
≥ 65 | 314 (53.7) | 329 (56.2) | ||
Marital status | 0.380 | 0.538 | ||
Marriage | 536 (91.6) | 530 (90.6) | ||
Single and others | 49 (8.4) | 55 (9.4) | ||
Education level | 1.108 | 0.575 | ||
Below primary school | 260 (44.4) | 263 (45.0) | ||
Middle school | 257 (43.9) | 265 (45.3) | ||
College or higher | 68 (11.6) | 57 (9.7) |
Environmental factors and CHD
Factors | Univariate logistic regression | Multivariate logistic regression | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-value | ORa (95% CI) | p-value | |
Smoking | 1.06 (0.83-1.35) | 0.661 | – | – |
Passive smoking | 1.08 (0.82-1.43) | 0.569 | – | – |
Alcohol drinking | 1.06 (0.76-1.46) | 0.741 | – | – |
High-salt diets | 1.75 (1.35-2.28) | < 0.001 | 1.20 (0.76-1.88) | 0.438 |
Light diets | 0.60 (0.47-0.76) | < 0.001 | 0.78 (0.51-1.20) | 0.260 |
Physical exercise | ||||
< 1 time/week | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
1-2 times/week | 0.45 (0.25-0.80) | 0.007 | 0.41 (0.23-0.75) | 0.004 |
≥ 3 times/week | 0.96 (0.75-1.22) | 0.713 | 0.94 (0.73-1.21) | 0.608 |
Character | ||||
B type | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
A type | 1.29 (0.99-1.69) | 0.060 | – | – |
C type | 1.43 (0.93-2.17) | 0.105 | – | – |
D type | 1.56 (0.68-3.55) | 0.294 | – | – |
Anxiety | 2.32 (1.69-3.19) | < 0.001 | 2.34 (1.67-3.28) | < 0.001 |
Depression | ||||
Normal | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
Mild | 1.33 (0.93-1.90) | 0.120 | – | – |
Moderate/Severe | 1.40 (0.84-2.35) | 0.196 | – | – |
BMI | ||||
18.50–23.99 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
< 18.50 | 0.69 (0.39-1.21) | 0.192 | 0.68 (0.37-1.22) | 0.194 |
≥ 24.00 | 1.50 (1.18-1.90) | 0.001 | 1.47 (1.13-1.91) | 0.004 |
Abdominal obesity | 1.41 (1.08-1.86) | 0.013 | 1.11 (0.81-1.51) | 0.530 |
Family history of hypertension | 1.16 (0.91-1.47) | 0.228 | – | – |
Family history of stroke | 1.44 (0.92-2.25) | 0.114 | – | – |
Family history of diabetes | 1.14 (0.82-1.59) | 0.445 | – | – |
Identification of dysregulated circRNA expression profiles
CircRNA ID | FC | p-value | Regulation |
---|---|---|---|
hsa_circ_0125589 | 4.64 | 0.010 | Down |
hsa_circ_0008507 | 4.31 | < 0.001 | Up |
hsa_circ_0001946 | 1.39 | 0.088 | Up |
hsa_circ_0000284 | 2.24 | 0.008 | Down |
Expression of circRNAs in peripheral blood
Validation of dysregulated circRNAs of peripheral blood leukocytes by qRT-PCR
Multivariate analysis of circRNAs and environmental factors
Factors | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
hsa_circ_0008507 | 1.30 (1.13-1.51) | < 0.001 | 1.29 (1.11-1.50) | 0.001 |
hsa_circ_0001946 | 1.25 (1.06-1.47) | 0.007 | 1.20 (1.01-1.42) | 0.033 |
hsa_circ_0000284 | 1.88 (1.24-2.84) | 0.003 | 2.05 (1.32-3.19) | 0.002 |
hsa_circ_0125589 | 0.97 (0.73-1.29) | 0.821 | 0.960 (0.71-1.29) | 0.779 |
Determining diagnostic cut-offs by ROC curve
Combined analysis of environmental factors and epigenetic factors in CHD
hsa_circ_0008507 | hsa_circ_0001946 | hsa_circ_0000284 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Adjusted OR(95% CI) | pinteraction | Adjusted OR(95% CI) | pinteraction | Adjusted OR(95% CI) | pinteraction |
Age | ||||||
< 65 | 16.82 (4.15-68.20) | 0.808 | 6.75 (1.86-24.43) | 0.865 | 5.39 (1.91-15.22) | 0.920 |
≥ 65 | 9.70 (3.46-27.15) | 6.54 (2.45-17.47) | 7.18 (2.62-19.70) | |||
Gender | ||||||
Male | 19.18 (5.65-65.09) | 0.065 | 8.89 (2.90-26.66) | 0.371 | 3.47 (1.35-8.93) | 0.169 |
Female | 4.88 (1.74-13.67) | 3.48 (1.14-10.61) | 11.17 (3.44-36.33) | |||
Smoking | ||||||
No | 4.82 (1.96-11.88) | 0.040 | 3.60 (1.35-9.59) | 0.070 | 10.18 (3.66-28.33) | 0.148 |
Yes | 25.25 (5.84-109.22) | 13.30 (3.50-50.49) | 3.12 (1.010-9.63) | |||
Abdominal obesity | ||||||
No | 18.34 (2.46-136.77) | 0.931 | 6.58 (1.22-35.61) | 0.799 | 11.65 (1.72-78.94) | 0.476 |
Yes | 11.30 (4.31-29.58) | 7.93 (2.92-21.54) | 4.48 (2.03-10.34) | |||
Passive smoking | ||||||
No | 8.78 (3.57-21.61) | 0.747 | 4.80 (2.00-11.49) | 0.363 | 5.17 (2.31-12.49) | 0.969 |
Yes | 11.72 (2.07-66.40) | 42.52 (3.28-551.24) | 3.47 (0.77-15.64) |
Smoking | hsa_circ_0008507 high expression | Cases N (%) | Controls N (%) | OR(95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 11 (11.0) | 30 (30.0) | 1.00 | |
0 | 1 | 54 (54.0) | 28 (28.0) | 4.84 (1.97-11.88) | 0.001 |
1 | 0 | 3 (3.0) | 30 (30.0) | 0.25 (0.05-1.21) | 0.085 |
1 | 1 | 32 (32.0) | 12 (12.0) | 6.94 (1.95-24.72) | 0.003 |
Multiplication interaction | 5.68 (1.08-29.84) | 0.040 |