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Sleep and Breathing

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31.01.2022 | Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Original Article

Clinical and polysomnographic evaluation of sleep-related breathing disorders in patients with sarcoidosis

verfasst von: Özlem Ataoğlu, Ali Nihat Annakkaya, Peri Meram Arbak, Pınar Yildiz Gülhan, Mehmet Fatih Elverişli

Erschienen in: Sleep and Breathing | Ausgabe 4/2022

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Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with sarcoidosis and related clinical factors.

Materials and method

Consecutive patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis in our clinic were evaluated for OSA risk during sleep using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Berlin questionnaire, STOP and STOP-BANG questionnaires, and polysomnography (PSG).

Results

A total of 60 sarcoidosis patients (mean age: 50 ± 11 years, 45 (75%) women) were included in the study. Polysomnography was performed in 54 cases and revealed the diagnosis of OSA in 70% (38/54) of the patients. The mean age was higher in patients with sarcoidosis and OSA (54 ± 11 vs. 47 ± 13, p = 0.041) and body mass index values were significantly higher as well (31.9 ± 4.4 vs, 29.0 ± 4.6 kg/m², p = 0.034). Polysomnography revealed a higher rate of OSA in patients with sarcoidosis who had high-risk scores in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, STOP questionnaire, and STOP-BANG questionnaire (p = 0.024, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Based on polysomnography, OSA was detected in 39% (5/13) with stage 1 sarcoidosis, 78% (28/36) with stage 2, and in all cases (5/5) with stage 3. OSA frequency and apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) were determined to increase with advanced sarcoidosis stage (p = 0.003, p = 0.043, respectively). AHI was positively correlated with sarcoidosis stage (p = 0.003, r = 0.391). The prevalence of OSA was significantly higher in patients receiving treatment compared to treatment-naïve patients (88% vs. 57%, p = 0.018). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the stage of the disease (p = 0.026) to be the single independent risk factor associated with increased risk of OSA in patients with sarcoidosis.

Conclusion

High rates of OSA were detected in sarcoidosis, increasing with the advanced disease stage. The findings suggest that patients with sarcoidosis and advanced age, obesity, steroid treatment, and involvement of lung parenchyma (stages 2 and 3) should be evaluated for OSA risk. Further investigations are needed to establish the potential causes of the high prevalence of OSA in sarcoidosis.

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Titel: Clinical and polysomnographic evaluation of sleep-related breathing disorders in patients with sarcoidosis
verfasst von: Özlem Ataoğlu
Ali Nihat Annakkaya
Peri Meram Arbak
Pınar Yildiz Gülhan
Mehmet Fatih Elverişli
Publikationsdatum: 31.01.2022
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Sleep and Breathing / Ausgabe 4/2022
Print ISSN: 1520-9512
Elektronische ISSN: 1522-1709
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-021-02513-x

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Clinical and polysomnographic evaluation of sleep-related breathing disorders in patients with sarcoidosis