Introduction
Methods
Subjects
CMR imaging
CMR image analysis
Blood pressure measurements
Statistical analysis
Results
Subjects
All Patients (n = 215) | COA with BAV (n = 145) | COA with TAV (n = 70) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 25.3 (18.8, 34.3) | 25.7 (1.3,34.3) | 24.5 (17.7, 34.3) | 0.75 |
Gender, male, n (%) | 121 (56) | 85 (59) | 36 (51) | 0.38 |
BSA, m2 | 1.8 (1.6, 2) | 1.8 (1.6, 2) | 1.8 (1.6, 2) | 0.89 |
Type of BAV, n (%) | ||||
Left-right fusion | 125 (86) | |||
Right-non fusion | 17 (12) | |||
Left-non fusion | 3 (2) | |||
Age at COA treatment, years | 1.7(0.1, 6.9) | 1.1(0.1, 1.1) | 2.4 (0.1, 10.2) | 0.37 |
Treatment modality, n (%) | 0.72 | |||
Surgery | 183 (85) | 125 (86) | 58 (84) | |
Balloon dilation | 18 (8) | 12 (8) | 6 (9) | |
Stent | 14 (7) | 8 (6) | 6 (9) | |
Type of surgical repair, n (%) | 0.37 | |||
End-to-end repair | 107 (59) | 77 (62) | 30 (51) | |
Subclavian flap | 25 (14) | 15 (12) | 10 (17) | |
Patch reconstruction | 13 (7) | 6 (5) | 7 (12) | |
Interposition graft | 8 (4) | 5 (4) | 3 (5) | |
Extended end-to-end repair | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1) | 0 | |
Unavailable surgical record* | 29 (16) | 21 (17) | 8 (14) | |
> Mild aortic regurgitation, n (%) | 11(5) | 11 (8) | 0 | 0.02 |
> Mild aortic stenosis, n (%) | 7 (3) | 7 (5) | 0 | 0.10 |
Medication use, n (%) | ||||
β-blocker | 33 (16) | 18 (12) | 15 (21) | 0.11 |
ACE inhibitor | 43 (20) | 28 (19) | 15 (21) | 0.72 |
Hydrochlorothiazide | 10 (5) | 9 (6) | 1 (1) | 0.17 |
Angiotensin receptor blocker | 9 (4) | 9 (6) | 0 | 0.03 |
Calcium channel blocker | 8 (4) | 5 (3) | 3 (4) | 0.72 |
Aortic stiffness parameters
COA with BAV (n = 145) | COA with TAV (n = 70) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | 46 (32%) | 25 (36%) | 0.56 |
AAO stiffness parameters | |||
Strain (%) | 26.3 (15.7, 37.1) | 33.3 (21.6, 44.7) | 0.011 |
Distensibility (× 10–3 mmHg−1) | 4.5 (2.7,6.8) | 5.5 (3.8, 7.6) | 0.014 |
Distensibility z-score | − 1.2(− 3.0,− 0.3) | − 0.7(− 2.1, 0.4) | 0.001 |
β Stiffness Index | 2.5 (1.7,4) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.8) | 0.010 |
DAO stiffness parameters | |||
Strain (%) | 26.9 (19.2, 35.8) | 22.3(15.8, 29.7) | 0.034 |
Distensibility (× 10–3 mmHg−1) | 4.4(3.3, 6.5) | 3.9(2.5, 5.5) | 0.08 |
β Stiffness index | 2.4 (1.8, 3.4) | 2.8 (2.0, 4.2) | 0.05 |
Hypertension
Odds ratio | 95% CI | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age at MRI | 1.03 | (1.02–1.06) | 0.001 |
Age at CoA treatment | 1.003 | (1.001–1.006) | 0.011 |
Sex (male) | 2.22 | (1.22–4.06) | 0.009 |
BAV | 0.83 | (0.46–1.52) | 0.56 |
AAO diameter z-score | 1.05 | (0.94–1.22) | 0.50 |
AAO CSA z-score | 1.02 | (0.94–1.29) | 0.24 |
AAO stiffness measures | |||
Strain (%) | 1.01 | (0.99–1.02) | 0.84 |
Distensibility (× 10–3 mmHg−1) | 0.92 | (0.84,1.02) | 0.13 |
Distensibility z-score | 0.97 | (0.89–1.07) | 0.55 |
β Stiffness Index | 1.02 | (0.98–1.06) | 0.35 |
DAO stiffness measures | |||
Strain (%) | 0.97 | (0.94–0.99) | 0.03 |
Distensibility (× 10–3 mmHg−1) | 0.75 | (0.63–0.89) | 0.001 |
β Stiffness Index | 1.07 | (0.97–1.17) | 0.19 |
Parameter location | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | |||
BAV | 0.83 | (0.42, 1.62) | 0.59 |
Sex (male) | 3.32 | (1.66, 6.65) | 0.001 |
Age at MRI (↑ 5 years) | 1.32 | (1.12, 1.54) | 0.001 |
Age at CoA treatment (↑ 5 years) | 1.11 | (0.92, 1.34) | 0.28 |
AAO distensibility z-score | 1.08 | (0.94, 1.24) | 0.22 |
Model 2 | |||
BAV | 0.82 | (0.39, 1.74) | 0.61 |
Sex (male) | 3.16 | (1.48, 6.74) | 0.003 |
Age at MRI (↑ 5 years) | 1.25 | (1.07, 1.46) | 0.004 |
Age at CoA treatment (↑ 5 years) | 1.02 | (0.81, 1.28) | 0.86 |
DAO Distensibility (× 10–3 mmHg−1) | 1.01 | (0.92, 1.1) | 0.84 |