Introduction
Methods
Study participants and protocol
Data acquisition
Strain analysis
Reproducibility
Feasibility and efficiency
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographic and echocardiographic characteristics
Variables | value |
---|---|
Males | 57% |
Age (y) | 11.2 ± 5.5 |
Body surface area (m2) | 0.4 ± 0.6 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 87 ±30 |
2D LV EF (%) | 62 ± 4.1 |
3D LV EF (%) | 61 ± 3.6 |
2D LV EDV Z score | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
3D LV EDVi (ml/m2) | 70.4 ±8.1 |
Feasibility and efficiency
Inter-technique agreement and correlations
Variables | 2D STE | 3D STE | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | %performed | Mean ± SD | %performed | |
GLS | −21.2 ± 2.4 | 89 | − 20 ± 2.1 | 87 |
Basal ante septum | − 17.7 ± 7.3* | 86 | − 25.9 ± 7.7* | 83 |
Basal anterior | − 16.37 ± 5.7 | 86 | − 20.7 ± 6.3* | 85 |
Basal lateral | − 18.5 ± 6.1 | 89 | − 21.1 ± 5.2* | 86 |
Basal posterior | −21.7 ± 5.9 | 86 | − 25 ± 7.2* | 87 |
Basal inferior | − 23.5 ± 7.6 | 89 | − 18.5 ± 3.7 * | 86 |
Basal septum | −14.5 ± 5.5 | 89 | − 19.7 ± 4.9* | 86 |
Mid ante septum | − 18.9 ± 6.8 | 86 | −18.8 ± 7.6 | 87 |
Mid anterior | − 17.2 ± 5.6 | 89 | −21.1 ± 4.5* | 86 |
Mid lateral | − 19.7 ± 5.8 | 89 | − 21.8 ± 5.6* | 85 |
Mid posterior | − 19.3 ± 7.2 | 86 | −19.2 ± 5.3 | 87 |
Mid inferior | −19.6 ± 6.0 | 85 | − 19 ± 7.6 | 87 |
Mid septum | − 18.7 ± 5.4 | 84 | −19.3 ± 7.0 | 86 |
Apical anterior | −24.1 ± 4.8 | 85 | −22.8 ± 5.4* | 85 |
Apical lateral | −23.1 ± 5.1 | 84 | − 24.3 ± 6 | 83 |
Apical inferior | − 18.7 ± 6.6 | 85 | − 17.7 ± 6.5 | 87 |
Apical septum | − 16.8 ± 6.2 | 89 | −18.8 ± 6.2* | 87 |
Variables | Bland Altman | % error | ICC | Correlation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bias | LOA | Mean | Mean | 95% CI | R | |
GLS | −0.3 | 3.6 to − 3.7 | 1.4 | 0.82 | 0.61–0.87 | 0.73* |
Basal ante septum | −6.5 | 8.7 to − 21.7 | 30.3 | 0.43 | −0.23 - 0.71 | 0.32 |
Basal anterior | −4.5 | 10.1 to −19 | 25.4 | 0.41 | −0.26 - 0.62 | 0.21 |
Basal lateral | −2.8 | 8 to − 13.6 | 14.4 | 0.49 | 0.40–0.47 | 0.51 |
Basal posterior | −3.1 | 9.9 to −15.9 | 13.4 | 0.48 | 0.25–0.53 | 0.34 |
Basal inferior | 3.7 | 19.7to −12.3 | 17.2 | 0.42 | 0.27–0.61 | 0.32 |
Basal septum | −5.7 | 5.4 to −17.4 | 34.2 | 0.49 | 0.23–0.54 | 0.29 |
Mid ante septum | −0.2 | 13.3 to −12.7 | 1.3.5 | 0.74 | 0.47–0.81 | 0.51* |
Mid anterior | −2.3 | 9 to −13.5 | 12.3 | 0.42 | −0.32 - 0.61 | 0.22 |
Mid lateral | −1.7 | 12.2to − 15.7 | 8.2 | 0.42 | −0.28 - 0.56 | 0.24 |
Mid posterior | 0.6 | 13.6 to-12.1 | 3.1 | 0.53 | 0.37–0.65 | 0.41* |
Mid inferior | −1.4 | 13.5 to-16 | 1.9 | 0.37 | −0.28 - 0.51 | 0.30 |
Mid septum | −1.2 | 11.5 to-13.9 | 2.2 | 0.51 | 0.39–0.70 | 0.40 |
Apical anterior | 0.9 | 11.9 to-10 | 4.1 | 0.50 | 0.34–0.71 | 0.32 |
Apical lateral | −1.5 | 9 to − 12 | 6.3 | 0.48 | 0.36–0.65 | 0.29 |
Apical inferior | −1.2 | 13.6 to −15.6 | 5.1 | 0.49 | 0.30–0.66 | 0.43* |
Apical septum | −1.1 | 11.1 to −13.1 | 6.4 | 0.63 | 0.42–0.83 | 0.41* |
Reproducibility
Variables | Intra-observer reproducibility | Inter-observer reproducibility | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2D STE | 3D STE | 2D STE | 3D STE | |
GLS | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.81 |
Basal ante septum | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.23 | 0.33 |
Basal anterior | 0.41 | 0.37 | 0.27 | 0.31 |
Basal lateral | 0.21 | 0.34 | 0.21 | 0.41 |
Basal posterior | 0.33 | 0.41 | 0.27 | 0.32 |
Basal inferior | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.42 |
Basal septum | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.31 | 0.38 |
Mid ante septum | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.47 | 0.61 |
Mid anterior | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.39 | 0.37 |
Mid lateral | 0.43 | 0.47 | 0.31 | 0.51 |
Mid posterior | 0.31 | 0.41 | 0.27 | 0.46 |
Mid inferior | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.28 | 0.31 |
Mid septum | 0.57 | 0.61 | 0.41 | 0.52 |
Apical anterior | 0.72 | 0.68 | 0.72 | 0.66 |
Apical lateral | 0.73 | 0.76 | 0.63 | 0.67 |
Apical inferior | 0.55 | 0.60 | 0.31 | 0.42 |
Apical septum | 0.43 | 0.51 | 0.37 | 0.46 |