Introduction
Methods
Animal study
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Echocardiography
Necropsy and tissue preparation
DTI
Histopathology and immunohistochemistry
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging
Statistics
Results
Mice with AIC developed cachexia and cardiac atrophy
Control | DOX | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
n | 15 | 16 | |
Heart rate (1/min) | 468 ± 7 | 479 ± 10 | 0.38 |
Lung wet/dry weight ratio | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 0.28 |
Conventional echocardiography | |||
LVEF (%) | 52 ± 1 | 43 ± 1 | <0.001 |
EDV (µl) | 68 ± 4 | 61 ± 2 | 0.08 |
ESV (µl) | 33 ± 2 | 34 ± 2 | 0.54 |
E (mm/s) | 738 ± 28 | 605 ± 24 | 0.001 |
A (mm/s) | 464 ± 29 | 422 ± 25 | 0.29 |
e′ (mm/s) | 28 ± 1 | 27 ± 2 | 0.64 |
A′ (mm/s) | 16 ± 2 | 20 ± 2 | 0.10 |
E/A | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 0.32 |
E/e′ | 26.5 ± 1.0 | 23.4 ± 1.5 | 0.10 |
e′/a′ | 26.5 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 0.13 |
IVRT (ms) | 15.3 ± 0.5 | 18.1 ± 0.6 | 0.002 |
Speckle-tracking echocardiography | |||
Global longitudinal strain (%) | −19.6 ± 0.5 | −16.6 ± 0.7 | 0.002 |
Global longitudinal strain rate (1/s) | −7.0 ± 0.5 | −5.3 ± 0.4 | 0.009 |
Global radial strain (%) | 30.1 ± 1.6 | 30.0 ± 1.3 | 0.95 |
Global radial strain rate (1/s) | 8.0 ± 0.4 | 7.3 ± 0.3 | 0.23 |
Global circumferential strain (%) | −20.8 ± 0.7 | −20.2 ± 0.8 | 0.58 |
Global circumferential strain rate (1/s) | −7.5 ± 0.5 | −7.3 ± 0.4 | 0.84 |
LV myofiber arrangement remained preserved in AIC
Atrophic cardiac remodeling is associated with altered myocardial diffusion properties
Spatial heterogeneity of myocardial adaption in response to DOX exposure
Discriminatory power of DTI parameters
Parameter | AUC (95% CI) | P value | Optimal cut off (unit) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FA | 0.80 (0.54–1.00) | 0.049 | 0.123 (AU) | 0.86 (0.49–0.99) | 0.88 (0.53–0.99) |
FA inferior | 0.91 (0.74–1.00) | 0.008 | 1.276 (AU) | 0.86 (0.49–1.00) | 1.00 (0.68–1.00) |
FA septal | 0.79 (0.52–1.00) | 0.064 | 0.111 (AU) | 0.86 (0.49–0.99) | 0.75 (0.41–0.95) |
CPlanar | 0.91 (0.76–1.00) | 0.008 | 0.082 (AU) | 0.86 (0.49–0.99) | 0.88 (0.53–0.99) |
CPlanar inferior | 0.96 (0.88–1.00) | 0.003 | 0.092 (AU) | 0.86 (0.49–0.99) | 1.00 (0.68–1.00) |
CPlanar septal | 0.86 (0.66–1.00) | 0.02 | 0.074 (AU) | 0.86 (0.49–0.99) | 0.75 (0.41–0.96) |
CSpherical | 0.84 (0.61–1.00) | 0.028 | 0.879 (AU) | 0.86 (0.49–0.99) | 0.88 (0.53–0.99) |
CSpherical inferior | 0.95 (0.83–1.00) | 0.004 | 0.870 (AU) | 0.86 (0.49–0.99) | 1.00 (0.68–1.00) |
CSpherical septal | 0.86 (0.64–1.00) | 0.021 | 0.889 (AU) | 0.86 (0.49–1.00) | 0.88 (0.53–0.99) |
LVEF | 0.91 (0.80–1.00) | <0.001 | 47 (%) | 0.75 (0.51–0.90) | 1.00 (0.80–1.00) |
GLS | 0.81 (0.65–0.97) | 0.003 | −16.6 (%) | 0.63 (0.39–0.82) | 0.93 (0.70–1.00) |
LV mass index | 0.86 (0.64–1.00) | 0.021 | 3.7 (mg/mm) | 0.71 (0.36–0.95) | 1.00 (0.68–1.00) |