Introduction
Material and methods
CT-based markers of sarcopenia and myosteatosis
Statistical analysis
Results
All | Females | Males | All | Females | Males | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site of disease | Biliary drainage | ||||||
Body and/or tail | 48 (34%) | 25 (34%) | 23 (33%) | Metallic stent | 20 (14%) | 11 (16%) | 9 (13%) |
Head | 60 (42%) | 28 (38%) | 32 (47%) | Plastic stent | 14 (10%) | 9 (12%) | 5 (7%) |
Head and body | 34 (24%) | 20 (28%) | 14 (20%) | PTCD | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) |
UICC stage | Metastases | ||||||
Stage II | 2 (1%) | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) | Hepatic | 65 (46%) | 32 (44%) | 33 (48%) |
Stage III | 52 (37%) | 26 (36%) | 26 (38%) | Pulmonary | 12 (8%) | 7 (10%) | 5 (7%) |
Stage IV | 83 (58%) | 44 (60%) | 39 (56%) | Lymph nodes | 36 (25%) | 18 (25%) | 18 (26%) |
Recurrence (after Whipple) | 5 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 4 (6%) | Peritoneal | 31 (22%) | 16 (22%) | 15 (22%) |
ECOG | Previous treatment | ||||||
Status = 0 | 42 (30%) | 15 (21%) | 27 (39%) | Chemotherapy | 116 (82%) | 60 (82%) | 56 (81%) |
Status = 1 | 76 (53%) | 41 (56%) | 35 (51%) | Radiotherapy | 9 (6%) | 2 (3%) | 7 (10%) |
Status ≥ 2 | 24 (17%) | 17 (23%) | 7 (10%) | Surgery (Whipple) | 5 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 4 (6%) |
Clinical param. | Subgroup | Age | BMI | SMI | SMRD | FMF | IMFF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 63.9 [55.8–72.5] | 22.6 [21.3–24.4] | 13.5 [11.7–15.8] | 45.1 [40.7–50.2] | 17.3 [10.5–22.6] | 4.3 [2.2–7.9] |
Female | 62.1 [56.8–73.2] | 20.5 [19.4–22.7] | 11.7 [10.1–12.9] | 44.1 [37.6–47.8] | 17.1 [13.6–27.1] | 5.2 [3.3–8.2] | |
p value | 0.64 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.24 | 0.4 | 0.08 | |
Age | > 63.3 | - | 22.0 [20.0–24.2] | 12.3 [10.8–15.0] | 41.0 [35.5–45.2] | 21.9 [16.8–32.2] | 5.8 [3.9–9.1] |
≤ 63.3 | - | 21.8 [19.8–23.0] | 12.5 [10.8–14.2] | 48.4 [43.9–51.7] | 13.2 [9.7–18.6] | 3.3 [1.9–6.2] | |
p value | - | 0.43 | 0.54 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |
BMI | > 21.8 | 64.3 [56.6–73.3] | - | 13.5 [12.1–15.7] | 43.9 [38.7–49.1] | 19.1 [12.5–27.9] | 5.3 [3.2–9.0] |
≤ 21.8 | 62.0 [56.6–71.7] | - | 11.2 [9.4–12.9] | 46.5 [40.6–49.8] | 15.8 [11.8–22.5] | 3.9 [2.0–7.2] | |
p value | 0.63 | - | < 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.01 | |
ECOG | = 0 | 61.3 [54.6–67.1] | 22.6 [20.8–26.1] | 13.7 [11.7–16.3] | 45.1 [40.6–48.9] | 16.5 [11.8–23.9] | 4.7 [2.9–8.9] |
= 1 | 64.9 [56.7–73.4] | 21.6 [19.6–23.2] | 12.4 [10.7–14.2] | 44.9 [39.5–50.0] | 17.0 [12.0–26.0] | 5.0 [2.9–6.9] | |
≥ 2 | 62.0 [59.2–74.6] | 21.1 [19.4–22.9] | 11.9 [9.8–12.5] | 43.2 [36.2–48.0] | 18.2 [12.0–28.6] | 4.0 [2.3–8.7] | |
p value | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.47 | 0.74 | 0.94 | |
Survival status after 1 year | Died | 61.8 [56.6–73.2] | 21.5 [19.6–23.4] | 12.2 [10.5–13.7] | 45.1 [38.8–50.1] | 16.8 [11.9–26.7] | 4.6 [2.3–7.8] |
Survived | 64.3 [55.6–71.6] | 22.5 [20.8–25.0] | 13.5 [10.9–16.6] | 44.1 [39.9–48.8] | 18.8 [11.6–25.6] | 4.9 [3.0–7.8] | |
p value | 0.96 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.65 | |
Survival status after 2 years | Died | 62.1 [56.6–73.2] | 21.8 [19.8–23.6] | 12.3 [10.7–14.2] | 45.1 [38.5–50.0] | 17.1 [11.8–27.1] | 4.9 [2.4–7.9] |
Survived | 61.9 [56.1–65.3] | 24.4 [22.3–27.9] | 14.3 [12.6–15.6] | 44.1 [42.7–47.6] | 19.5 [14.3–21.2] | 4.7 [4.2–5.1] | |
p value | 0.47 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.83 | 0.77 | 0.74 |
Number of events in… | Median survival | p value of the log-rank test | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Subgroup | N | 1 year | 2 years | 3 years | Time [days] | 1 year | 2 years | 3 years |
Sex | Male | 69 | 40 | 60 | 62 | 222 [122–322] | 0.10 | 0.23 | 0.21 |
Female | 73 | 53 | 63 | 65 | 185 [161–208] | ||||
Age | ≤ SSM | 72 | 51 | 63 | 67 | 188 [138–238] | 0.47 | 0.87 | 0.69 |
> SSM | 70 | 42 | 60 | 60 | 196 [152–240] | ||||
BMI | ≤ SSM | 73 | 51 | 66 | 68 | 171 [138–204] | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.17 |
> SSM | 69 | 42 | 57 | 59 | 241 [120–362] | ||||
ECOG | = 0 | 42 | 21 | 31 | 33 | 353 [283–423] | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
= 1 | 76 | 51 | 70 | 72 | 187 [118–256] | ||||
≥ 2 | 24 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 75 [0–154] | ||||
SMI | ≤ SSM | 72 | 50 | 66 | 68 | 161 [116–205] | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
> SSM | 70 | 43 | 57 | 59 | 265 [174–356] | ||||
FMF | ≤ SSM | 72 | 51 | 64 | 66 | 173 [138–207] | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.16 |
> SSM | 70 | 42 | 59 | 61 | 206 [152–260] | ||||
SMRD | ≤ SSM | 72 | 43 | 60 | 62 | 213 [161–265] | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.09 |
> SSM | 70 | 50 | 63 | 65 | 175 [140–210] | ||||
IMFF | ≤ SSM | 72 | 48 | 63 | 64 | 173 [136–210] | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.72 |
> SSM | 70 | 45 | 60 | 63 | 222 [132–312] |
1-year survival | 2-year survival | 3-year survival | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||||
Variables | Hazard ratio | p | Hazard ratio | p | Hazard ratio | p | Hazard ratio | p | Hazard ratio | p | Hazard ratio | p |
Sex | 0.71 [0.47–1.08] | 0.11 | 1.05 [0.66–1.67] | 0.85 | 0.80 [0.56–1.15] | 0.23 | 1.11 [0.75–1.65] | 0.61 | 0.80 [0.56–1.14] | 0.22 | 1.13 [0.76–1.66] | 0.55 |
Age | 1.00 [0.98–1.02] | 0.88 | 0.99 [0.97–1.01] | 0.37 | 1.00 [0.99–1.02] | 0.73 | 0.99 [0.97–1.01] | 0.46 | 1.00 [0.98–1.02] | 0.88 | 0.99 [0.97–1.01] | 0.34 |
BMI | 0.93 [0.87–0.99] | 0.02 | 0.99 [0.92–1.06] | 0.70 | 0.94 [0.89–0.99] | 0.02 | 0.97 [0.92–1.03] | 0.36 | 0.94 [0.89–0.99] | 0.01 | 0.97 [0.92–1.03] | 0.35 |
ECOG | 2.18 [1.57–3.04] | < 0.01 | 2.23 [1.54–3.24] | < 0.01 | 2.15 [1.60–2.90] | < 0.01 | 2.29 [1.64–3.19] | < 0.01 | 2.22 [1.65–2.98] | < 0.01 | 2.36 [1.70–3.28] | < 0.01 |
SMI | 0.88 [0.82–0.95] | < 0.01 | 0.90 [0.82–0.98] | 0.02 | 0.92 [0.86–0.98] | 0.01 | 0.94 [0.87–1.01] | 0.09 | 0.91 [0.86–0.97] | < 0.01 | 0.94 [0.87–1.01] | 0.07 |
SMRD | 0.99 [0.97–1.02] | 0.67 | 1.06 [0.97–1.15] | 0.24 | 1.00 [0.97–1.02] | 0.68 | 1.06 [0.98–1.15] | 0.13 | 1.00 [0.97–1.02] | 0.76 | 1.06 [0.98–1.15] | 0.14 |
FMF | 1.00 [0.99–1.02] | 0.67 | 1.07 [1.01–1.14] | 0.03 | 1.00 [0.99–1.02] | 0.56 | 1.07 [1.01–1.13] | 0.02 | 1.00 [0.99–1.02] | 0.66 | 1.07 [1.01–1.13] | 0.02 |
IMFF | 0.99 [0.94–1.03] | 0.57 | 0.94 [0.89–1.00] | 0.05 | 0.99 [0.95–1.03] | 0.72 | 0.96 [0.91–1.01] | 0.09 | 0.99 [0.95–1.03] | 0.76 | 0.96 [0.91–1.01] | 0.13 |
Discussion
Conclusion
Declarations
Guarantor
Conflict of interest
Statistics and biometry
Informed consent
Ethical approval
Study subjects or cohorts overlap
Methodology
-
retrospective
-
prognostic study
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performed at one institution