Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Gastroenterology Reports 6/2024

01.04.2024

Does Ileus Represent the Forgotten End Organ Failure in Critical Illness?

verfasst von: Christy M. Lawson, Chris Jones, Michael Herman, Cecilia Kim, Elizabeth Mannino, Endashaw Omer, Carlas Venegas

Erschienen in: Current Gastroenterology Reports | Ausgabe 6/2024

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review evaluates the current literature on ileus, impaired gastrointestinal transit (IGT), and acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) and its impact on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Recent Findings

Ileus is often under recognized in critically ill patients and is associated with significant morbidity and is potentially a marker of disease severity as seen in other organs like kidneys (ATN).
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Aderinto-Adike AO, Quigley EMM. Gastrointestinal motility problems in critical care: a clinical perspective. J Dig Dis. 2014;15(7):335–44.CrossRef Aderinto-Adike AO, Quigley EMM. Gastrointestinal motility problems in critical care: a clinical perspective. J Dig Dis. 2014;15(7):335–44.CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Retief I. The management of motility disorders in critical Illness. S Afr J Clin Nutr. 2011;24(3):15–S18. Retief I. The management of motility disorders in critical Illness. S Afr J Clin Nutr. 2011;24(3):15–S18.
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Fruhwald S, Kainz J. Effect of ICU interventions on gastrointestinal motility. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2010;16(2):159–64.PubMedCrossRef Fruhwald S, Kainz J. Effect of ICU interventions on gastrointestinal motility. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2010;16(2):159–64.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Brealey D, Singer M. Multi-organ dysfunction in the critically ill: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 2000;34(5):424–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Brealey D, Singer M. Multi-organ dysfunction in the critically ill: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 2000;34(5):424–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Vincent J-L, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, De Mendonça A, Bruining H, et al. The SOFA (sepsis-related organ failure assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:707–10.PubMedCrossRef Vincent J-L, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, De Mendonça A, Bruining H, et al. The SOFA (sepsis-related organ failure assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:707–10.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Marshall JC, Cook DJ, Christou NV, Bernard GR, Sprung CL, Sibbald WJ. Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome. Crit Care Med. 1995;23:1638–52.PubMedCrossRef Marshall JC, Cook DJ, Christou NV, Bernard GR, Sprung CL, Sibbald WJ. Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome. Crit Care Med. 1995;23:1638–52.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Braunschweig C, Gomez S, Sheean PM. Impact of declines in nutritional status on outcomes in adult patients hospitalized for more than 7 days. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;100:1316–22.PubMedCrossRef Braunschweig C, Gomez S, Sheean PM. Impact of declines in nutritional status on outcomes in adult patients hospitalized for more than 7 days. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;100:1316–22.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Jensen GL, Compher C, Sullivan DH, Mullin GE. Recognizing Malnutrition in adults definitions and characteristics, screening, assessment and team approach. JPEN. 2013;37(6):802–7.CrossRef Jensen GL, Compher C, Sullivan DH, Mullin GE. Recognizing Malnutrition in adults definitions and characteristics, screening, assessment and team approach. JPEN. 2013;37(6):802–7.CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Da Rocha EEM, Alves VGF, Silva MHN, Chiesa CA, da Fonseca. R.B.V. can measured resting energy expenditure be estimated by formulae in daily clinical nutrition practice? Curr. Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005;8:319–28.CrossRef Da Rocha EEM, Alves VGF, Silva MHN, Chiesa CA, da Fonseca. R.B.V. can measured resting energy expenditure be estimated by formulae in daily clinical nutrition practice? Curr. Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005;8:319–28.CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu C, Wang X, Yu W, Tian F, Liu S, Li P, Li N. Hypermetabolism in the initial phase of intensive care is related to a poor outcome in severe sepsis patients. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2015;66(4):188–95.PubMedCrossRef Wu C, Wang X, Yu W, Tian F, Liu S, Li P, Li N. Hypermetabolism in the initial phase of intensive care is related to a poor outcome in severe sepsis patients. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2015;66(4):188–95.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Fontaine E, Müller MJ. Adaptive alterations in metabolism: practical consequences on energy requirements in the severely ill patient. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metabolic Care. 2011;14(2):171–5.CrossRef Fontaine E, Müller MJ. Adaptive alterations in metabolism: practical consequences on energy requirements in the severely ill patient. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metabolic Care. 2011;14(2):171–5.CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmad M. Risk of Malnutrition and Clinical outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients in Intensive Care Units. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2011;41(1):18–23. Ahmad M. Risk of Malnutrition and Clinical outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients in Intensive Care Units. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2011;41(1):18–23.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Mishamandani Z, Javid, et al. Nutritional status of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit: a comprehensive report from Iranian hospitals. J Crit Care. 2019;54:151–8.CrossRef Mishamandani Z, Javid, et al. Nutritional status of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit: a comprehensive report from Iranian hospitals. J Crit Care. 2019;54:151–8.CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Khalatbari-Soltani S, Marques-Vidal P. Impact of nutritional risk screening in hospitalized patients on management, outcome and costs: a retrospective study. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(6):1340–6.PubMedCrossRef Khalatbari-Soltani S, Marques-Vidal P. Impact of nutritional risk screening in hospitalized patients on management, outcome and costs: a retrospective study. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(6):1340–6.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Nguyen T, et al. Impaired gastrointestinal transit and its associated morbidity in the intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2014;284:537–e11. Nguyen T, et al. Impaired gastrointestinal transit and its associated morbidity in the intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2014;284:537–e11.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Btaiche IF, et al. Critical Illness, gastrointestinal Complications, and medication therapy during enteral feeding in critically ill adult patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010;25(1):32–49.PubMedCrossRef Btaiche IF, et al. Critical Illness, gastrointestinal Complications, and medication therapy during enteral feeding in critically ill adult patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010;25(1):32–49.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Li H, et al. Association between acute gastrointestinal injury and biomarkers of intestinal barrier function in critically ill patients. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017;17(1):1–8.CrossRef Li H, et al. Association between acute gastrointestinal injury and biomarkers of intestinal barrier function in critically ill patients. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017;17(1):1–8.CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Nguyen T, Frenette AJ, Johanson C, Maclean RD, Patel R, Simpson A, Singh A, Balchin KS, Fergusson D, Kanji S. Epub. Impaired gastrointestinal transit and its associated morbidity in the intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2013 Aug:28(4):537.e11-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.12.003. 2013 Jan 16. PMID: 23333042. Nguyen T, Frenette AJ, Johanson C, Maclean RD, Patel R, Simpson A, Singh A, Balchin KS, Fergusson D, Kanji S. Epub. Impaired gastrointestinal transit and its associated morbidity in the intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2013 Aug:28(4):537.e11-7. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jcrc.​2012.​12.​003. 2013 Jan 16. PMID: 23333042.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Reignier J, Plantefeve G, Mira JP et al. March : Low versus standard calorie and protein feeding in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group trial (NUTRIREA-3),The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2023. Reignier J, Plantefeve G, Mira JP et al. March : Low versus standard calorie and protein feeding in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group trial (NUTRIREA-3),The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2023.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Truja T, Laczko E, Schuetz P, et al. Association of proteomic markers with nutritional risk and response to nutritional support: a secondary pilot study of the EFFORT trial using an untargeted proteomics approach. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2022;48:282–90.CrossRef Truja T, Laczko E, Schuetz P, et al. Association of proteomic markers with nutritional risk and response to nutritional support: a secondary pilot study of the EFFORT trial using an untargeted proteomics approach. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2022;48:282–90.CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat McClave SA, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: society of critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN). J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2016;333:159–211.CrossRef McClave SA, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: society of critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN). J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2016;333:159–211.CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Wei X, Day AG, Oullette-Kuntz H, Heyland DK. The Association between Nutritional Adequacy and Long-Term outcomes in critically Ill patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation: a Multicenter Cohort Study. Surv Anesthesiology. 2016;60(3):100.CrossRef Wei X, Day AG, Oullette-Kuntz H, Heyland DK. The Association between Nutritional Adequacy and Long-Term outcomes in critically Ill patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation: a Multicenter Cohort Study. Surv Anesthesiology. 2016;60(3):100.CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Ariès P, Huet O. Ileus in the critically ill: causes, treatment and prevention. Minerva Anestesiol. 2020;86(9):974–83.PubMedCrossRef Ariès P, Huet O. Ileus in the critically ill: causes, treatment and prevention. Minerva Anestesiol. 2020;86(9):974–83.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Nassar A Jr, Paulo. Fernanda Maria Queiroz Da Silva, and Roberto De Cleva. Constipation in intensive care unit: incidence and risk factors. J Crit Care. 2009;24(4):630–e9.CrossRef Nassar A Jr, Paulo. Fernanda Maria Queiroz Da Silva, and Roberto De Cleva. Constipation in intensive care unit: incidence and risk factors. J Crit Care. 2009;24(4):630–e9.CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Blaser AR, Starkopf J, Kirsimagi U, Deane AM. Definition,prevalence, and outcome of feeding intolerance in intensive care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014:58914–922. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12302. Blaser AR, Starkopf J, Kirsimagi U, Deane AM. Definition,prevalence, and outcome of feeding intolerance in intensive care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014:58914–922. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​aas.​12302.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Blaser AR, Malgrain MLNG, Starkopf J, Fruhwald S, Jakob SM, DeWaele J, et al. Gastrointestinal function in intensive care patients: terminology, definitions and management. Recommendations of the ESICM Working Group on abdominal problems. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(3):384–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-011-2459-y.CrossRef Blaser AR, Malgrain MLNG, Starkopf J, Fruhwald S, Jakob SM, DeWaele J, et al. Gastrointestinal function in intensive care patients: terminology, definitions and management. Recommendations of the ESICM Working Group on abdominal problems. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(3):384–94. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00134-011-2459-y.CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat McClave SA, Gauldoni J, Nagengast A, Marsano LS, Bandy K, Martindale RG. Gastrointestinal dysfunction and feeding intolerance critical Illness: do we need an objective scoring system? Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2022;22(1):1. Key source due to excellent discourse on need for grading system for intestinal failure and its clinical relevance in MODS.CrossRef McClave SA, Gauldoni J, Nagengast A, Marsano LS, Bandy K, Martindale RG. Gastrointestinal dysfunction and feeding intolerance critical Illness: do we need an objective scoring system? Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2022;22(1):1. Key source due to excellent discourse on need for grading system for intestinal failure and its clinical relevance in MODS.CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Govil D, Pal D. Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders in Critically Ill. Indian J Crit CareMed. 2020: 24(Suppl 4): S179–S182. Key source as it describes very well the incidence and morbidity associated with gastrointestinal failure in critically ill patients. It helps define the need for recognition Govil D, Pal D. Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders in Critically Ill. Indian J Crit CareMed. 2020: 24(Suppl 4): S179–S182. Key source as it describes very well the incidence and morbidity associated with gastrointestinal failure in critically ill patients. It helps define the need for recognition
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Barclay ML, Fraser R, Tournadre JP, et al. Small intestinal and gastric motility in patients in the intensive care unit following elective abdominal aortic Aneurysm repair. Gastroenterology. 1997;112:A694. Barclay ML, Fraser R, Tournadre JP, et al. Small intestinal and gastric motility in patients in the intensive care unit following elective abdominal aortic Aneurysm repair. Gastroenterology. 1997;112:A694.
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Mattei P, Rombeau JL. Review of the pathophysiology and management of post-operative ileus. World J Surg. 2006;30(8):1382–91.PubMedCrossRef Mattei P, Rombeau JL. Review of the pathophysiology and management of post-operative ileus. World J Surg. 2006;30(8):1382–91.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Caddell KA, Martindale RG, McClave SA, Miller K. Can the intestinal dysmotility of critical Illness be differentiated from post-operative ileus? Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2011:13:358–67. Caddell KA, Martindale RG, McClave SA, Miller K. Can the intestinal dysmotility of critical Illness be differentiated from post-operative ileus? Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2011:13:358–67.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat De Winter BY, Bredenoord AJ, Van Nassauw L, De Man JG, De Schepper HU, Timmermans JP, et al. Involvement of afferent neurons in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced ileus in mice: role of CGRP and TRPV1 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009;615:177–84.PubMedCrossRef De Winter BY, Bredenoord AJ, Van Nassauw L, De Man JG, De Schepper HU, Timmermans JP, et al. Involvement of afferent neurons in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced ileus in mice: role of CGRP and TRPV1 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009;615:177–84.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Chapman MJ, Fraser RJ, Bryant LK, Vozzo R, Nguyen NQ, Tam W, et al. Gastric emptying and the organization of antroduodenal pressures in the critically ill. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2008;20(1):27–35.PubMedCrossRef Chapman MJ, Fraser RJ, Bryant LK, Vozzo R, Nguyen NQ, Tam W, et al. Gastric emptying and the organization of antroduodenal pressures in the critically ill. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2008;20(1):27–35.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Akbarli H, Hawkins EG, Ross GR, Kang M. Ion channel remodeling in gastrointestinal inflammation. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2010;22(10):1045–55.CrossRef Akbarli H, Hawkins EG, Ross GR, Kang M. Ion channel remodeling in gastrointestinal inflammation. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2010;22(10):1045–55.CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Bueno L, Ferre JP, Ruckebusch Y. Effects of anesthesia and procedures on intestinal myoelectric activity in rats. Am J Dig Dis. 1978;23:690–5.PubMedCrossRef Bueno L, Ferre JP, Ruckebusch Y. Effects of anesthesia and procedures on intestinal myoelectric activity in rats. Am J Dig Dis. 1978;23:690–5.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Braga M, Vignali A, Gianotti L, Zuliani W, Radaelli G, Gruarin P et al. Laparoscopic versus open colorectal Surgery: a randomized trial on short-term outcome. Ann Surg.2002:236(6):759–66. Braga M, Vignali A, Gianotti L, Zuliani W, Radaelli G, Gruarin P et al. Laparoscopic versus open colorectal Surgery: a randomized trial on short-term outcome. Ann Surg.2002:236(6):759–66.
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Scirocco A, Matarrese P, Petitta C, Cicenia A, Ascione B, Mannironi C, et al. Exposure of toll-like receptors 4 to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) impairs human colonic smooth muscle cell function. J Cell Physiol. 2010;223(2):442–50.PubMedCrossRef Scirocco A, Matarrese P, Petitta C, Cicenia A, Ascione B, Mannironi C, et al. Exposure of toll-like receptors 4 to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) impairs human colonic smooth muscle cell function. J Cell Physiol. 2010;223(2):442–50.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Reintam A, Parm P, Kitus R, Starkopf J, Kern H. Gastrointestinal failure score in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study. Crit Care. 2008;12(4):1–8.CrossRef Reintam A, Parm P, Kitus R, Starkopf J, Kern H. Gastrointestinal failure score in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study. Crit Care. 2008;12(4):1–8.CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Reintam A, Parm P, Redlich U, Tooding LM, Starkopf J, Köhler F, Kern H. Gastrointestinal failure in intensive care: a retrospective clinical study in three different intensive care units in Germany and Estonia. BMC Gastroenterol. 2006;6(1):1–7.CrossRef Reintam A, Parm P, Redlich U, Tooding LM, Starkopf J, Köhler F, Kern H. Gastrointestinal failure in intensive care: a retrospective clinical study in three different intensive care units in Germany and Estonia. BMC Gastroenterol. 2006;6(1):1–7.CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Li H, Chen Y, Huo F, Wang Y, Zhang D. Association between acute gastrointestinal injury and biomarkers of intestinal barrier function in critically ill patients. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017;17(1):1–8.CrossRef Li H, Chen Y, Huo F, Wang Y, Zhang D. Association between acute gastrointestinal injury and biomarkers of intestinal barrier function in critically ill patients. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017;17(1):1–8.CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Grootjans J, Thuijls G, Verdam F, Derikx JP, Lenaerts K, Buurman WA. Non-invasive assessment of barrier integrity and function of the human gut. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;2(3):61.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Grootjans J, Thuijls G, Verdam F, Derikx JP, Lenaerts K, Buurman WA. Non-invasive assessment of barrier integrity and function of the human gut. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;2(3):61.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Kreymann KG, Berger MM, Deutz NE, et al. ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: intensive care. Clin Nutr. 2006;25:210–23.PubMedCrossRef Kreymann KG, Berger MM, Deutz NE, et al. ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: intensive care. Clin Nutr. 2006;25:210–23.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Cuthbertson DP. Post-shock metabolic response. Lancet. 1942;239(6189):433–7.CrossRef Cuthbertson DP. Post-shock metabolic response. Lancet. 1942;239(6189):433–7.CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Preiser J-C. The stress response of critical Illness: metabolic and hormonal aspects. Switzerland: Springer Cham; 2016.CrossRef Preiser J-C. The stress response of critical Illness: metabolic and hormonal aspects. Switzerland: Springer Cham; 2016.CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Wischmeyer PE. The evolution of nutrition in critical care: how much, how soon? Crit Care. 2013;17(suppl1):7.CrossRef Wischmeyer PE. The evolution of nutrition in critical care: how much, how soon? Crit Care. 2013;17(suppl1):7.CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Wischmeyer PE. Glutamine: the first clinically relevant pharmacological regulator of heat shock protein expression? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2006;17:201–6.CrossRef Wischmeyer PE. Glutamine: the first clinically relevant pharmacological regulator of heat shock protein expression? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2006;17:201–6.CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel J, Miller K, Rosenthal M, et al. When is it appropriate to use Arginine in critical Illness? Nutr in Clin Practice. 2016;31(4):438–44.CrossRef Patel J, Miller K, Rosenthal M, et al. When is it appropriate to use Arginine in critical Illness? Nutr in Clin Practice. 2016;31(4):438–44.CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Alberda C, Gramlich L, Heyland DK, et al. The relationship between nutritional intake and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: results of an international multicenter observational study. Intensive Care Med. 2009;17:1728–37.CrossRef Alberda C, Gramlich L, Heyland DK, et al. The relationship between nutritional intake and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: results of an international multicenter observational study. Intensive Care Med. 2009;17:1728–37.CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Weijs PJ, Beishuizen A, et al. Optimal protein and energy nutrition decreases mortality in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a prospective observational cohort study. JPEN. 2012;17:60–8.CrossRef Weijs PJ, Beishuizen A, et al. Optimal protein and energy nutrition decreases mortality in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a prospective observational cohort study. JPEN. 2012;17:60–8.CrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwickert WD, Hall JB, Kress JP, et al. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;17:1874–82.CrossRef Schwickert WD, Hall JB, Kress JP, et al. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;17:1874–82.CrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Olah A, Romics L. Enteral Nutrition in acute Pancreatitis: a review of the current evidence. W J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(42):16123–31.CrossRef Olah A, Romics L. Enteral Nutrition in acute Pancreatitis: a review of the current evidence. W J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(42):16123–31.CrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Cravo M, Camilo ME, Marques A. & Pinto Correia, J. Early tube feeding in acute Pancreatitis: a prospective study. Clin Nutr. 1998:Suppl. A8-A14. Cravo M, Camilo ME, Marques A. & Pinto Correia, J. Early tube feeding in acute Pancreatitis: a prospective study. Clin Nutr. 1998:Suppl. A8-A14.
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Eatock FC, Chong P, Menezes N, Murray L, McKay CJ, Carter CR, et al. A randomized study of early nasogastric versus nasojejunal feeding in severe acute Pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(2):32–439.CrossRef Eatock FC, Chong P, Menezes N, Murray L, McKay CJ, Carter CR, et al. A randomized study of early nasogastric versus nasojejunal feeding in severe acute Pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(2):32–439.CrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat White H, Jones M et al. A randomized controlled comparison of early post-pyloric versus early gastric feeding to meet nutritional targets in ventilated intensive care patients. Crit Care 2009 Nov 25:13R187. White H, Jones M et al. A randomized controlled comparison of early post-pyloric versus early gastric feeding to meet nutritional targets in ventilated intensive care patients. Crit Care 2009 Nov 25:13R187.
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Vazquez-Sandoval A, Surani S, et al. Critically ill patients and gut motility: are we addressing it? W J of Gastrint Pharmacol and Ther. 2017;8(3):174–9. Vazquez-Sandoval A, Surani S, et al. Critically ill patients and gut motility: are we addressing it? W J of Gastrint Pharmacol and Ther. 2017;8(3):174–9.
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Vazquez-Sandoval A, Shekhar G, Sruapi S. Critically ill patients and gut motility: are we addressing it? World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2017 Aug 6:8(3): 174–9. Vazquez-Sandoval A, Shekhar G, Sruapi S. Critically ill patients and gut motility: are we addressing it? World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2017 Aug 6:8(3): 174–9.
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Blaser AR, Malgrain MLNG, Starkopf J, Fruhwald S, Jakob SM, DeWaele J, et al. Gastrointestinal function in intensive care patients: terminology, definitions and management. Recommendations of the ESICM working group on abdominal problems. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(3):384–94.CrossRef Blaser AR, Malgrain MLNG, Starkopf J, Fruhwald S, Jakob SM, DeWaele J, et al. Gastrointestinal function in intensive care patients: terminology, definitions and management. Recommendations of the ESICM working group on abdominal problems. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(3):384–94.CrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Blaser AR, Poeze M, Malbrain MLNG, Bjorck M, Oudemans-vanStraaten HM, Starkopf J, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms during the first week of intensive care are associated with poor outcome: a prospective multicenter study. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(5):899–909.CrossRef Blaser AR, Poeze M, Malbrain MLNG, Bjorck M, Oudemans-vanStraaten HM, Starkopf J, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms during the first week of intensive care are associated with poor outcome: a prospective multicenter study. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(5):899–909.CrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Gungabissoon U, Hacquoil K, Bains C, Irizarry M, Dukes G, Williamson R, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, clinical consequences, and treatment of enteral feed intolerance during critical Illness. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2015;39(4):441–8.PubMedCrossRef Gungabissoon U, Hacquoil K, Bains C, Irizarry M, Dukes G, Williamson R, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, clinical consequences, and treatment of enteral feed intolerance during critical Illness. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2015;39(4):441–8.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Hu B, Sun R, Wu A, Ni Y, Liu J, Guo F, et al. Severity of acute gastrointestinal injury grade is a predictor of all-cause mortality in critically ill patients: a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):188.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hu B, Sun R, Wu A, Ni Y, Liu J, Guo F, et al. Severity of acute gastrointestinal injury grade is a predictor of all-cause mortality in critically ill patients: a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):188.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Does Ileus Represent the Forgotten End Organ Failure in Critical Illness?
verfasst von
Christy M. Lawson
Chris Jones
Michael Herman
Cecilia Kim
Elizabeth Mannino
Endashaw Omer
Carlas Venegas
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2024
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Gastroenterology Reports / Ausgabe 6/2024
Print ISSN: 1522-8037
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-312X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-023-00910-8

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Erhebliches Risiko für Kehlkopfkrebs bei mäßiger Dysplasie

29.05.2024 Larynxkarzinom Nachrichten

Fast ein Viertel der Personen mit mäßig dysplastischen Stimmlippenläsionen entwickelt einen Kehlkopftumor. Solche Personen benötigen daher eine besonders enge ärztliche Überwachung.

Nach Herzinfarkt mit Typ-1-Diabetes schlechtere Karten als mit Typ 2?

29.05.2024 Herzinfarkt Nachrichten

Bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes sind die Chancen, einen Myokardinfarkt zu überleben, in den letzten 15 Jahren deutlich gestiegen – nicht jedoch bei Betroffenen mit Typ 1.

15% bedauern gewählte Blasenkrebs-Therapie

29.05.2024 Urothelkarzinom Nachrichten

Ob Patienten und Patientinnen mit neu diagnostiziertem Blasenkrebs ein Jahr später Bedauern über die Therapieentscheidung empfinden, wird einer Studie aus England zufolge von der Radikalität und dem Erfolg des Eingriffs beeinflusst.

Costims – das nächste heiße Ding in der Krebstherapie?

28.05.2024 Onkologische Immuntherapie Nachrichten

„Kalte“ Tumoren werden heiß – CD28-kostimulatorische Antikörper sollen dies ermöglichen. Am besten könnten diese in Kombination mit BiTEs und Checkpointhemmern wirken. Erste klinische Studien laufen bereits.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.