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13.02.2024 | Original Article

Effects of acute- and long-term aerobic exercises at different intensities on bone in mice

verfasst von: Junpei Hatakeyama, Shota Inoue, Changxin Li, Daisuke Takamura, Hanlin Jiang, Hiroshi Kuroki, Hideki Moriyama

Erschienen in: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism | Ausgabe 2/2024

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Abstract

Introduction

Exercise intensity determines the benefits of aerobic exercise. Our objectives were, in aerobic exercise at different intensities, to determine (1) changes in bone metabolism-related genes after acute exercise and (2) changes in bone mass, strength, remodeling, and bone formation-related proteins after long-term exercise.

Materials and methods

Total 36 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into a control group and exercise groups at 3 different intensities: low, moderate, or high group. Each exercise group was assigned to acute- or long-term exercise groups. Tibias after acute exercise were evaluated by real-time PCR analysis. Furthermore, hindlimbs of long-term exercise were assessed by micro-CT, biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses.

Results

Acute moderate-intensity exercise decreased RANKL level as bone resorption marker, whereas low- and high-intensity exercise did not alter it. Additionally, only long-term exercise at moderate intensity increased bone mass and strength. Moderate-intensity exercise promoted osteoblast activity and suppressed osteoclast activity. After low- and high-intensity exercise, osteoblast and osteoclast activity were unchanged. An increase in the number of β-catenin-positive cells and a decrease in sclerostin-positive cells were observed in the only moderate group.

Conclusion

These results showed that moderate-intensity exercise can inhibit bone resorption earlier, and long-term exercise can increase bone mass and strength through promoted bone formation via the Wnt/β-catenin activation. High-intensity exercise, traditionally considered better for bone, may fail to stimulate bone remodeling, leading to no change in bone mass and strength. Our findings suggest that moderate-intensity exercise, neither too low nor high, can maintain bone health.

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Titel: Effects of acute- and long-term aerobic exercises at different intensities on bone in mice
verfasst von: Junpei Hatakeyama
Shota Inoue
Changxin Li
Daisuke Takamura
Hanlin Jiang
Hiroshi Kuroki
Hideki Moriyama
Publikationsdatum: 13.02.2024
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Erschienen in: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism / Ausgabe 2/2024
Print ISSN: 0914-8779
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-5604
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-023-01491-2

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Effects of acute- and long-term aerobic exercises at different intensities on bone in mice