Background
Methods
Study participants
Inclusion criteria
Anthropometric data
Aortic imaging
CMR protocol for aortic pulse wave velocity
Image analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Age groups
| ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-29
|
30-39
|
40-49
|
50-59
|
60-69
|
>70
| |||||||
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
| |
(n = 92)
|
(n = 117)
|
(n = 54)
|
(n = 44)
|
(n = 66)
|
(n = 80)
|
(n = 39)
|
(n = 57)
|
(n = 61)
|
(n = 56)
|
(n = 57)
|
(n = 54)
| |
Age (years)
| 25 ± 2 | 26 ± 2 | 35 ± 3 | 35 ± 3 | 45 ± 3 | 45 ± 3 | 54 ± 3 | 54 ± 3 | 65 ± 3 | 65 ± 3 | 76 ± 4 | 75 ± 4 |
BMI (kg/m
2
)
| 22 ± 7 | 23 ± 7 | 28 ± 7 | 26 ± 7 | 29 ± 5 | 28 ± 7 | 29 ± 7 | 29 ± 6 | 28 ± 4 | 28 ± 4 | 28 ± 3 | 30 ± 10 |
SBP (mmHg)
| 111 ± 30 | 110 ± 26 | 107 ± 40 | 112 ± 23 | 132 ± 16 | 124 ± 15 | 134 ± 15 | 133 ± 19 | 142 ± 16 | 143 ± 15 | 149 ± 20 | 150 ± 15 |
DBP (mmHg)
| 65 ± 18 | 69 ± 16 | 65 ± 25 | 76 ± 14 | 85 ± 9 | 76 ± 9 | 85 ± 10 | 80 ± 10 | 82 ± 10 | 81 ± 9 | 79 ± 11 | 79 ± 8 |
Waist: Hip ratio
| 0.85 ± 0.05 | 0.78 ± 0.07 | 0.9 ± 0.07 | 0.81 ± 0.07 | 0.99 ± 0.06 | 0.86 ± 0.09 | 0.98 ± 0.10 | 0.87 ± 0.71 | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 0.85 ± 0.06 | 0.99 ± 0.06 | 0.87 ± 0.07 |
% Smoking
| 3 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 20 | 15 | 35 | 30 | 38 | 34 | 42 | 37 |
% High Cholesterol
| 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 5 | 23 | 25 |
% Diabetic
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 11 |
Age Groups
| ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-29
|
30-39
|
40-49
|
50-59
|
60-69
|
>70
| |||||||
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
| |
(n = 92)
|
(n = 117)
|
(n = 54)
|
(n = 44)
|
(n = 66)
|
(n = 80)
|
(n = 39)
|
(n = 57)
|
(n = 61)
|
(n = 56)
|
(n = 57)
|
(n = 54)
| |
Aspirin (%)
| 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 24.6 | 10.7 | 28.1 | 31.5 |
Beta Blocker (%)
| 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 11.5 | 14.3 | 24.6 | 20.4 |
Calcium Channel Blocker (%)
| 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 10.3 | 3.5 | 23.0 | 16.1 | 29.8 | 33.3 |
ACE inhibitor/ARB (%)
| 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 0.0 | 7.6 | 11.3 | 15.4 | 14.0 | 36.1 | 37.5 | 40.4 | 40.7 |
Diuretic (%)
| 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 10.5 | 13.1 | 16.1 | 22.8 | 27.8 |
Statin (%)
| 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 10.3 | 3.5 | 21.3 | 14.3 | 28.1 | 27.8 |
HRT (%)
| 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 3.7 |
Taking Medication (%)
| 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.6 | 2.3 | 10.6 | 12.5 | 28.2 | 29.8 | 65.6 | 58.9 | 80.7 | 75.9 |
The effect of aging on aortic stiffness
Age groups
| ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-29
|
30-39
|
40-49
|
50-59
|
60-69
|
>70
| |||||||
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
| |
(n = 92)
|
(n = 117)
|
(n = 54)
|
(n = 44)
|
(n = 66)
|
(n = 80)
|
(n = 39)
|
(n = 57)
|
(n = 61)
|
(n = 56)
|
(n = 57)
|
(n = 54)
| |
Pulse Wave Velocity (m/s)
| 4.4 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 5.5 ± 1.6 | 6.8 ± 2.3 | 6.5 ± 3.1 | 8.6 ± 4.4 | 7.8 ± 2.8 | 9.6 ± 4.1 | 9.6 ± 6.4 | 13.0 ± 7.7 | 11.9 ± 7.5 |
Aortic Distensibility (mmHg
−1
)
| ||||||||||||
Ascending
| 7.8 ± 2.5 | 8.9 ± 2.5 | 5.3 ± 1.8 | 5.9 ± 2.6 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 4.0 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 3.1 ± 1.8 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.8 |
Proximal Descending
| 6.2 ± 1.7 | 7.1 ± 1.9 | 5.3 ± 1.8 | 5.2 ± 2.0 | 3.9 ± 1.4 | 4.5 ± 1.7 | 3.7 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.7 |
Abdominal
| 8.8 ± 2.6 | 9.9 ± 2.9 | 6.9 ± 2.4 | 7.7 ± 2.1 | 5.7 ± 2.2 | 5.9 ± 2.4 | 5.3 ± 2.1 | 5.1 ± 2.4 | 3.7 ± 1.7 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 2.2 ± 1.4 |