Light activated drug deliveryplatform for dental applications- current technologies and future perspectives

Toothache is the prevalent dental disorder that affect men. Common activities including speaking, chewing, and smiling are negatively impacted by tooth problems.Particularly, serious issues are brought on by dental illnesses such periodontitis, dental caries, gingivostomatitis, gingivitis, etc.Bacteria are the main contributor to oral disorders that affect various parts of our mouths. Photodynamic therapy, a promising minimally invasive treatment option that has long been used to treat microvascular illnesses, cancer, and other conditions, has recently been concentrated on the treatment of dental issues and is seeing an exponential rise in global publications. Light with a specified wavelength, typically from a laser light source, is used in photodynamic treatment.When the photosensitizers are excited by a particular laser light, they combine with the molecular oxygen to produce singlet oxygen, which may be targeted to the diseased site and is site-specific and selective.Rapid bacterial eradication, minimum or no resistance development, safety of surrounding host tissue, and maintenance of normal microflora are all features of photodynamic therapy for dental problems.The review of photosensitizers, light sources, singlet oxygen, and upconversion nanoparticles is condensed in this work. The main dental conditions that impact the oral cavity have been covered, along with the various photodynamic therapy treatment modalities. Clinical trials on photosensitizer-loaded formulations for dental applications also has been discussed.