Pectus excavatum (PE) is the most common congenital birth defect of the chest wall that often causes psychological and social issues [
1], limited exercise capacity [
2], and even decreased sleep quality. PE occurs in 1 out of every 400–1000 births. The first reports of corrective surgery to fix PE date back a century, as Meyer and colleagues first reported the surgical treatment of PE in 1911 [
3]. Currently, the most accepted means of correcting PE is through minimally invasive surgical repair (NUSS procedure) [
4]. Importantly, postoperative fever is a common symptom in the early postoperative period following NUSS. Fever onset may be caused by metal allergies [
5], hematoma absorption, transfusion reactions, or result from unknown origins. Clinically, fever is one of the common postoperative symptoms and does not seem to be significantly associated with serious complications. As such, fever has not received much attention. When the first case of pneumonia of unknown cause was reported on 8 December 2019 in Wuhan, China [
6], within one month, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention had successfully isolated and named the novel strain of coronavirus, and by 7 January 2020, the National Health Commission (NHC) had issued guidelines for epidemic prevention and control. To prevent COVID-19 in public, several prevention tools, such as use of surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), were introduced into daily clinical practice [
7]. Meanwhile, for high-risk occupational exposure groups, such as hospital workers, the NHC recommended that doctors and nurses should wear overalls, work hats, and medical-grade surgical masks. In addition, relatives of patients were limited or forbidden to visit inpatient departments. During this time period, our cardio-thoracic surgery department observed an empirical decrease in the incidence of post-operative fever in patients admitted for PE.
As the duration of the surgical procedure, protocols for prophylactic administration of antibiotics, and other possible causes related to postoperative fever were all the same, we hypothesized that the lower incidence of postoperative fever in Group 2021 was related to the increased precautions used during hospitalization in the early period of COVID-19, specifically, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and no external visits to the hospital.
The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of postoperative fever during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 1, 2020 to March 1, 2021) (Group 2021) to that of the preceding non-pandemic period (January 1, 2017 to March 1, 2019) (Group 2019).