Introduction
Materials and methods
Study design and population
Data collection and definitions
Statistical analysis
Results
Study cohort and initial prescription patterns
Incident cases 2012–2015: First treatment prescribed after diagnosis (N = 4559) | p-value | Prevalent patients* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
VKA N = 2338 % (n) | NOACs N = 2221 % (n) | VKA N = 5259 % (n) | ||
Years from NVAF diagnosis to 1/1/2012 Median (IQR) | 7.59 (5; 9.5) | |||
Age (years), Mean (SD) | 70.8 (10.7) | 72.8 (11.4) |
< 0.001
| 74.5 (9.7) |
Median (IQR) | 71.6 (64.2; 78.7) | 74.4 (65.9; 80.8) | 75.2 (68.2; 81.6) | |
Female sex | 43.3% (1012) | 46.5% (1033) |
0.031
| 45.7% (2402) |
Immigration ≥ 1990 | 40.5% (946) | 28.0% (622) |
< 0.001
| 38.7% (2036) |
SES score, Mean (SD) | 5.74 (1.75) | 6.44 (1.85) |
< 0.001
| 5.93 (1.78) |
Median (IQR) | 6 (5; 7) | 6 (5; 8) | 6 (5; 7) | |
District | ||||
North | 18.3% (429) | 18.5% (410) |
< 0.001
| 18.3% (960) |
Sharon | 17.3% (405) | 18.7% (416) | 17.6% (924) | |
South | 20.6% (481) | 14.4% (320) | 19.9% (1049) | |
Center | 19.2% (448) | 27.2% (604) | 20.0% (1051) | |
Jerusalem/ Hashfela | 24.6% (575) | 21.2% (471) | 24.2% (1275) | |
CHADS2 score Mean (SD), Median (IQR) | 1.80 (1.17) 2 (1; 2) | 2.03 (1.32) 2 (1; 3) |
< 0.001
| 2.42 (1.30) 2 (2;3) |
CHADS2 risk levels | ||||
0 | 11.8% (276) | 12.0% (266) |
< 0.001
| 4.4% (234) |
1 | 30.3% (709) | 24.8% (550) | 19.9% (1046) | |
≥ 2 | 57.9% (1353) | 63.3% (1405) | 75.7% (3979) | |
CHA2DS2 VASC score Mean (SD) | 3.27 (1.70) | 3.67 (1.88) |
< 0.001
| 4.01 (1.66) |
Median (IQR) | 3 (2; 4) | 4 (2; 5) | 4 (3; 5) | |
Baseline comorbidity | ||||
Congestive heart failure | 9.0% (211) | 9.0% (199) | 0.98 | 25.9% (1363) |
Ischemic heart disease | 24.9% (582) | 28.6% (636) |
0.005
| 39.2% (2060) |
Myocardial infarction | 12.4% (289) | 12.1% (268) | 0.796 | 15.0% (790) |
Cerebrovascular accident | 8.0% (188) | 12.1% (268) |
< 0.001
| 15.9% (838) |
Transient ischemic attack | 4.3% (100) | 5.9% (132) |
0.013
| 8.2% (431) |
Peripheral arterial disease | 5.6% (131) | 5.2% (115) | 0.569 | 9.0% (472) |
Chronic kidney disease | 33.4% (782) | 37.1% (824) |
0.011
| 50.0% (2628) |
Diabetes mellitus | 33.0% (771) | 36.6% (813) |
0.011
| 38.5% (2025)) |
Hyperlipidemia | 80.0% (1871) | 84.7% (1882) |
< 0.001
| 88.5% (4654) |
Hypertension | 78.4% (1834) | 78.7% (1747) | 0.888 | 86.1% (4530) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2.7% ( 62) | 2.9% ( 65) | 0.636 | 3.3% (172) |
Concomitant medications** | ||||
ACE inhibitors | 26.8% (627) | 26.7% (594) | 0.982 | 37.7% (1983) |
ARBs | 24.3% (568) | 28.5% (634) |
0.001
| 61.5% (3232) |
Beta blockers | 38.5% (901) | 38.7% (859) | 0.947 | 10.1% (533) |
Ca channel blockers | 33.2% (777) | 33.9% (753) | 0.654 | 49.6% (2611) |
Diuretics | 29.2% (682) | 29.3% (651) | 0.943 | 5.2% (274) |
Nitrates | 2.8% ( 65) | 3.0% ( 67) | 0.698 | 0.1% ( 4) |
Aspirin | 40.7% (951) | 42.0% (932) | 0.394 | 21.3% (1122) |
Other Antiplatelets | 6.8% (160) | 12.1% (268) |
< 0.001
| 1.6% ( 84) |
Shifting therapy
Shift to NOACs during follow-up | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shifted N = 3737 % (n) | Did not Shift N = 3,877 % (n) | p-value | |
Age (years), Mean (SD) | 73.5 (8.8) | 73.3 (11.2) |
< 0.001
|
Median (IQR) | 69.3 (62.6; 75.6) | 68.3 (60.2; 75.7) | |
Female sex | 47.9% (1791) | 42.9% (1662) |
< 0.001
|
Immigration ≥ 1990 | 39.6% (1481) | 38.5% (1494) | 0.339 |
SES score, Mean (SD) | 5.85 (1.76) | 5.90 (1.79) | 0.207 |
Median (IQR) | 6 (5; 7) | 6 (5; 7) | |
District | |||
North | 17.7% (661) | 18.9% (734) |
< 0.001
|
Sharon | 17.1% (639) | 17.7% (685) | |
South | 22.1% (827) | 18.3% (708) | |
Center | 18.7% (700) | 21.0% (813) | |
Jerusalem/ Hashfela | 24.4% (910) | 24.2% (937) | |
CHADS2 score Mean (SD), | 2.29 (1.21) | 2.18 (1.36) |
< 0.001
|
Median (IQR) | 2 (1; 3) | 2 (1; 3) | |
CHADS2 risk levels | |||
0 | 3.9% (146) | 9.1% (352) |
< 0.001
|
1 | 22.2% (831) | 24.1% (934) | |
≥ 2 | 73.9% (2760) | 66.8% (2591) | |
CHA2DS2 VASC score Mean (SD) | 3.92 (1.59) | 3.68 (1.80) |
< 0.001
|
Median (IQR) | 4 (3; 5) | 4 (2; 5) | |
Baseline comorbidity | |||
Congestive heart failure | 18.0% (672) | 23.3% (902) |
< 0.001
|
Ischemic heart disease | 34.1% (1275) | 35.4% (1371) | 0.265 |
Myocardial infarction | 13.8% (516) | 14.6% (566) | 0.339 |
IHD non-MI | 23.3% (870) | 23.7% (919) | 0.683 |
Cerebrovascular accident | 13.8% (514) | 13.3% (516) | 0.593 |
Transient ischemic attack | 7.4% (276) | 6.7% (260) | 0.265 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 7.5% (279) | 8.2% (317) | 0.266 |
Chronic kidney disease | 46.3% (1732) | 43.6% (1690) | 0.017 |
Diabetes mellitus | 40.4% (1509) | 33.4% (1293) |
< 0.001
|
Hyperlipidemia | 88.8% (3318) | 83.2% (3224) |
< 0.001
|
Hypertension | 87.9% (3284) | 79.9% (3097) |
< 0.001
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2.9% (110) | 3.2% (123) | 0.608 |
Medications | |||
ACE inhibitors | 35.4% (1322) | 33.2% (1287) | 0.1 |
ARBs | 52.2% (1950) | 48.3% (1871) |
0.048
|
Beta blockers | 20.3% (760) | 17.7% (685) |
0.001
|
Ca blockers | 45.6% (1703) | 44.0% (1705) |
0.003
|
Diuretic | 13.8% (515) | 11.7% (455) | 0.169 |
Nitrates | 1.0% ( 36) | 1.0% ( 37) |
0.008
|
Other antiplatelets | 4.1% (152) | 2.6% ( 99) | 0.999 |
Aspirin | 30.3% (1133) | 25.6% (993) |
< 0.001
|
Incident 2012–2015 | 34.1% (1274) | 27.9% (1081) |
< 0.001
|
OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|
Age per 1 year increment | 0.992 (0.987; 0.997) |
0.003
|
Female sex | 1.18 (1.07; 1.29) |
0.001
|
Smoking | ||
Never | 1.0 (ref.) | |
Ever | 0.71 (0.61; 0.84) |
< 0.001
|
Unknown | 0.47 (0.31; 0.72) |
< 0.001
|
District of inhabitance | ||
North | 1.0 (ref.) | |
Sharon | 1.10 (0.94; 1.28) | 0.240 |
South | 1.30 (1.13; 1.51) |
< 0.001
|
Center | 1.01 (0.87; 1.17) | 0.934 |
Jerusalem/ Hashfela | 1.11 (0.97; 1.28) | 0.138 |
Baseline comorbidity
| ||
CHADS2 score | ||
0
|
1.0 (ref.)
| |
1
|
2.15 (1.72; 2.69)
|
< 0.001
|
≥ 2
|
2.81 (2.23; 3.53)
|
< 0.001
|
Hyperlipidemia | 1.45 (1.26; 1.66) |
< 0.001
|
Concomitant medications | ||
ARBs | 1.26 (1.14; 1.39) |
< 0.001
|
Antithrombotics | 1.15 (1.03; 1.29) |
0.014
|
Ca channel blockers | 0.92 (0.83; 1.01) | 0.090 |
Diuretics | 0.84 (0.72; 0.98) | 0.024 |
Nitrates | 0.63 (0.39; 1.02) | 0.062 |
Incident 2012–2015 | 1.73 (1.52; 1.98) |
< 0.001
|