Introduction
Methods
Clinical assessments
Tremor studies
Upper limb conditions (seated) | Hand activity | Distraction | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Hands at rest in participant’s lap, in mid-supination | Rest | Nil |
2 | Hands at rest in participant’s lap, in mid-supination | Rest | Mental |
3 | Forearms supported on armrest by participant’s side with hands hanging off the armrest | Rest | Nil |
4 | Arms hanging from the sides of the chair | Rest | Nil |
5 | Arms outstretched, hands pronated | Posture | Nil |
6 | Arms outstretched, hands pronated | Posture | Mental |
7 | Arms outstretched, hands pronated, 500 g weight | Posture | (Weight) |
8 | Arms outstretched, hands pronated, wrists extended | Posture | Nil |
9 | Hands in nose-targeting position | Posture | Nil |
10 | Finger-nose one per second, right hand | Right–kinetic Left–rest | Right–nil Left–motoric |
11 | Finger-nose one per second, left hand | Right–rest Left–kinetic | Right–motoric Left–nil |
Lower limb conditions | Hands | Eyes | |
---|---|---|---|
12 | Seated, legs held outstretched | Rest in lap | Open |
13 | Standing feet 16 cm apart | Rest by sides | Open |
14 | Standing feet 16 cm apart | Rest by sides | Closed |
15 | Standing feet 16 cm apart, arms outstretched | Posture | Open |
16 | Standing, feet together (0 cm apart) | Rest by sides | Open |
17 | Standing, feet together (0 cm apart) | Rest by sides | Closed |
Tremor stability index
Posturography analysis
Nerve conduction studies
Data analysis
Results
Patients
Clinical features (n = 17) | Mean ± SEM |
---|---|
Age (years) | 55.8 ± 2.8 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 1.1 |
CMTNS (< 10 = Mild; 11–20 = Moderate; > 20 = Severe) | 18.1 ± 1.6 |
MRC Sum Score (normal 60) | 54 ± 1 |
Grip strength (kilograms force) | 18.4 ± 2.1 |
Rydel-Seiffer score, great toe (normal > 12) | 0 (0–9) |
10-m walk test (seconds) | 8.1 ± 0.6 |
NIS-LL (normal 0, maximum 88) | 38.5 ± 3.8 |
Berg Balance Scale (normal 56, poor balance ≤ 42) | 40.7 ± 4.4 |
Tremor findings–upper limb posture (n = 12) | |
Deltoid peak frequency (Hz) | 9.5 ± 1.1 |
Biceps peak frequency (Hz) | 9.1 ± 0.8 |
Extensor carpi radialis peak frequency (Hz) | 9.1 ± 1.0 |
Abductor pollicis brevis peak frequency (Hz) | 6.0 ± 0.4 |
Index finger accelerometry peak frequency (Hz) | 6.7 ± 0.5 |
Tremor findings–lower limb posture (n = 6) | |
Quadriceps peak frequency (Hz) | 5.6 ± 0.4 |
Tibialis anterior peak frequency (Hz) | 7.7 ± 0.4 |
Knee accelerometer peak frequency (Hz) | 6.1 ± 1.1 |
Tremor findings–orthostatic (n = 6) | |
Quadriceps peak frequency (Hz) | 6.6 ± 1.7 |
Tibialis anterior peak frequency (Hz) | 5.9 ± 1.4 |
Knee accelerometer peak frequency (Hz) | 5.6 ± 0.8 |
Upper limb tremor
Weight loading–upper limb | No weight | Weighted | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Deltoid (Hz) | 9.5 ± 1.1 | 9.3 ± 2.2 | 0.558 |
Arm (Hz) | 9.1 ± 0.8 | 9.1 ± 0.9 | 0.614 |
Forearm (Hz) | 9.1 ± 1.0 | 8.0 ± 1.3 | 0.465 |
Index (Hz) | 6.7 ± 0.5 | 7.1 ± 0.7 | 0.798 |
1st 15 s | 2nd 15 s | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Effect of fatigue–upper limb | |||
Deltoid (Hz) | 9.8 ± 0.9 | 9.5 ± 0.8 | 0.159 |
Arm (Hz) | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 8.3 ± 0.7 | 0.137 |
Forearm (Hz) | 7.9 ± 0.7 | 8.1 ± 0.8 | 0.595 |
Index (Hz) | 7.3 ± 0.5 | 7.2 ± 0.6 | 0.776 |
Effect of fatigue–lower limb | |||
Quadriceps (Hz) | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 0.354 |
Tibialis anterior (Hz) | 8.2 ± 0.6 | 7.7 ± 0.5 | 0.451 |
Knee accelerometry (Hz) | 6.7 ± 0.5 | 6.7 ± 0.5 | 0.636 |
Tremor | No Tremor | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical features–upper limb | |||
Age (years) | 56.9 ± 3.2 | 53.8 ± 6.0 | 0.660 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 0.8 | 22.9 ± 2.3 | 0.112 |
CMTNS (< 10 = Mild; 11–20 = Moderate; > 20 = Severe) | 18.6 ± 2.4 | 17.0 ± 1.8 | 0.587 |
MRC Sum Score (normal 60) | 54.0 ± 2.0 | 52.8 ± 1.6 | 0.663 |
Clinical features–lower limb | |||
Age (years) | 54.5 ± 6.4 | 56.5 ± 3.0 | 0.779 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 ± 1.7 | 26.4 ± 1.3 | 0.430 |
CMT neuropathy scale | 16.8 ± 2.9 | 18.7 ± 2.0 | 0.604 |
MRC Sum Score (normal 60) | 54.7 ± 2.1 | 53.0 ± 1.9 | 0.569 |
Ankle Power Score (normal 20) | 17 [11–20] | 17 [15–19] | 0.758 |
NIS-LL (normal 0, maximum 88) | 34.0 ± 6.7 | 40.9 ± 4.6 | 0.416 |
Rydel-Seiffer score (normal > 8) | 0 [0–6] | 0 [0–7] | 0.822 |
10-m walk test (seconds) | 7.5 ± 0.5 | 8.4 ± 1.0 | 0.454 |
Berg Balance Scale—orthostatic | 53.0 (50.8–54.5) | 48.0 (22.0–51.0) | 0.226 |
Berg Balance Scale—postural | 31.5 (16.5–46.5) | 53.0 (49.0–55.5) | 0.030 |