Obesity is now the most common chronic disease in the world, with more than 1 billion people affected worldwide [ 1 ]. It is projected that by 2030, 1 in 2 persons will meet criteria for obesity and 1 in 4 persons for severe obesity in the United …

Radiological assessment of the pancreas in chronic pancreatitis (CP) has become increasingly important in recent years. This is driven by an increased clinical focus on improving CP diagnosis and grading, advancing clinical research focused on …

The prevalence of pancreatic cysts has been cited to be as high as 2.5% of the general population, with up to 40% of individuals aged 70 or older having at least one pancreatic cyst ( 1 , 2 ). Pancreatic cysts are of relevance to both patient and …

The term “pancreatectomy” encompasses the surgical removal of either a portion or the entirety of the pancreas, with or without adjacent organs. This intricate surgical procedure carries a notable risk profile, including surgery-related morbidity …

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a complex and debilitating condition characterized by progressive inflammation in the pancreatic gland. The most common complication is pain, affecting 60–80% of patients [ 1 ]. Pain significantly affects the quality of …

Esophageal dysmotility is a common cause of gastrointestinal symptoms, including dysphagia and symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux [ 1 , 2 ] It is not only the hallmark of primary esophageal disorders like achalasia, but also of …

Benign esophageal tumors (BETs) are rare clinical entities with a reported incidence of less than 1%. However, the frequency appears to be rising, which is likely driven by an increase in their incidental detection [ 1 ]. Indeed, most BETs do not …

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is characterized by intestinal metaplasia (IM) of the distal esophagus, specifically the replacement of squamous epithelium by specialized intestinal columnar epithelium [ 1 ]. The metaplasia is thought to be in response to …

Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a phenomenon that is characterized by mechanical obstruction of the distal stomach, pylorus, or duodenum [ 1 ]. The condition is caused by several benign and malignant diseases. Peptic ulcer disease due to …

Obesity is defined by the Obesity Medicine Association as a chronic, relapsing, multi-factorial, neurobehavioral disease that promotes adipose tissue dysfunction and abnormal fat mass physical forces that results in adverse metabolic, biochemical …

Over the last several decades, advances in genomics have led to the discovery of multiple predisposition genes linked to increased risk for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer [ 1 ]. While several predisposition syndromes are well-characterized with …

The discovery of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) more than 35 years ago signed a turning point in our understanding of gastroduodenal pathologies. While chronic active gastritis is initiated in all subjects infected with H. pylori and in its …

Malnutrition in chronic advanced liver disease (CLD) occurs in 20–50% of patients [ 1 •] reaching close to 80% in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) [ 2 ]. Cirrhotic patients, especially those with a body mass index (BMI) of < 18.5 kg/m 2 …